A study was conducted in 2019 using next-generation sequencing to compare gene expression in hepatocytes collected from two groups of human hepatocyte chimeric mice, including mice infected with HBV genotype A and mice infected with HBV genotype C. The results showed that although similar pathways including inflammation caused by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, the p53 and integrin signaling pathways were affected by HBV infection, the expression levels of up-regulated genes by HBV genotype A or C infection were completely different. Here, TP53 is linked to infection.