TNF and Alzheimer disease: They observed: mast cells proliferation and activation; an altered lipid composition similar to AD; skin inflammation and subsequent emergence of neuroinflammation; increase in TNF-α and IL-17A especially in skin samples and increase in IFN-γ both in skin and in brain samples (responsible for toxicity and chronic inflammation); high values of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) especially in the first days after birth with subsequent persistence of high values mainly in the skin.