PTGS2 and Familial adenomatous polyposis: Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are two genetic conditions associated with an increased risk of developing CRC [2,5]. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-catenin pathway is activated, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (bcl-2 protein) activity is increased, increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are produced, and Fas-induced apoptosis is decreased through the action of COX-2 [15].