In particular, the experimental data demonstrate that HIF-1α, a key transcription factor for adaptation to hypoxia, can regulate the expression of >100 genes downstream, including four categories of target genes that are inextricably linked to protein production and tumors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transport and glycolytic enzymes (GLUT), factors involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, and proteins related to tumor proliferation and apoptosis.42 Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.