CD4 and neoplasm: Overcoming the immunosuppressive barrier circumscribing tumors can be achieved by either the complete obliteration of the tumor microbiome, which can restore immune competence, decrease immune suppressors (MDSCs), and enhance Th1-type CD4+/cytotoxic CD8+ T function (221) or boosting the immune system (using immunotherapies), similar to the original MAMP vaccine by Coley, but with greater specificity (90, 224).