While Coley used heat-inactivated bacteria for his studies, live S. pyogenes has several adaptations that provide the possibility for future cancer treatments such as the selective recognition and attachment to oncofetal fibronectin via streptococcal collagen like protein 1 (Scl1) (38–40), as well as a variety of immunomodulatory proteins and enzymes. Here, FN1 is linked to cancer.