DDX3X and osteoarthritis: Then in order to observe the relationship between osteoarthritis and miR-181a-5p, DDX3X expression, we treated chondrocytes with 10 ug/mL concentration of IL-1β and found that IL-1β could stimulate chondrocytes to down-regulate the expression of miR-181a-5p and up-regulate the expression of DDX3X (Fig. 3B) (P < 0.05).