Additionally, the tumors that were treated with the hydrogel were observed to have an increase in IL-12, GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN-γ) expression as compared to tumor tissue that was treated with a single treatment of adenovirus or DCs or a combination of adenovirus and DCs, which was indicative that tumors were infiltrated by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, generating antitumor immune responses [121]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.