VEGFA and neoplasm: Furthermore, several biomarkers were investigated to evaluate responses of tumor cells and extracellular components including cell proliferation (Ki67), vascular leakage (factor VIII), angiogenesis (CD31), ceramide formation, angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), hypoxia (prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2)), and DNA damage (γH2AX).