The causal link between glutamine, aKG, mTOR, is complex; the role of mTOR in mitochondrial disease in whole organisms appears to be defined more by immune activity than metabolism, but cultured cell models support a cell-autonomous role for mTOR dysregulation, and this remains an active area of research (Johnson et al., 2019; Johnson et al., 2013; Stokes et al., 2022; Capristo et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and mitochondrial disease.