HGF and lung carcinoma: Peng et al. found that c‐MET amplification and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can activate PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and other signaling pathways, and HGF can also regulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the secretion of cytotoxicity, which induce the expression of PD‐L1 in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC cells, thus promoting lung cancer immune escape.51