The main tumor-suppressive effects involve cell cytotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide, tumor cell phagocytosis, and activation of tumor-specific B- and T-lymphocytes, while the main tumor-supportive effects involve expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) leading to inhibition of cytotoxic T-cells, and secretion of factors inducing cancer growth and invasion (e.g., growth factors, chemokines)15,16,30. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.