INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For all outcomes except T2D and progression to insulin, the rate ratios for HFrEF patients were significantly greater than for HFpEF patients, ranging from 1.15 (1.08–1.21, p < 0.001) for all-cause hospitalizations to 1.59 (1.41–1.77, p < 0.001) for heart failure hospitalizations.