Interestingly, there is no renal functional reserve in patients with early heart failure but with normal renal function, and both enalapril and losartan can restore a normal vasodilatory response to amino acid infusion in these patients without affecting basal systemic and renal hemodynamics, suggesting a major role of angiotensin II in the development of early renal abnormalities in patients with heart failure (28). Here, AGT is linked to heart failure.