In addition, there are reports in humans of how mutations in the CNTNAP2 gene lead to sex-specific structural alterations on MRI50, while a genetic association study of CNTNAP2 variants and developmental dyslexia found that two polymorphisms (rs3779031, rs987456) were associated with an increased risk of dyslexia in females but not males51. This evidence concerns the gene CNTNAP2 and dyslexia.