In yeast cells, the toxicity of α-syn can be transmitted through mitophagy mediated by Sir2, the yeast homolog of mammalian SIRT1.186,187 Later studies reported that α-syn,188 LRRK2,189 DJ-1,190 Fbxo7191 and VPS35192 all affect the occurrence of PD through pathways related to Parkin-mediated mitophagy. This evidence concerns the gene PRKN and Parkinson disease.