Synphilin-1 then mobilizes SIAH1 to ubiquitinate mitochondrial proteins, recruiting LC3 as well as the lysosome marker Lamp1 to the mitochondria to initiate mitophagy (Fig. 4a).86 Simultaneous treatment with sorafenib (a protein kinase inhibitor) and glucose restriction inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing SIAH1-mediated mitophagy, suggesting that this pathway may have therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma.86 The gene discussed is SNCAIP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.