NF1 and central nervous system cancer: While the BrafV600E activating mutation is only seen in 5–7% of adult gliomas and is one of the most common mutations in pediatric gliomas, it is known to be a powerful activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling pathways, which is almost ubiquitously activated by any number of mutations (e.g., NF1 loss, EGFR mutations).