Overall, the early pregnancy concentrations of all four ceramides—Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)—and the Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/16:0) ratio were higher among women with GDM compared to women without GDM (Model 1) (Tables 2 and 3). The gene discussed is CBLN1; the disease is gestational diabetes.