In addition, increased colony formation efficiency induced by CDK7 and YAP was inhibited apparently after suppressing LDHD expression in CDK7 and YAP-overexpressed ESCC cells (Supplementary Fig. 6c, d), and increased colonies were also observed in CDK7 or YAP-knocked down KYSE410 cells following high expression of LDHD (Supplementary Fig. 6e, f). The gene discussed is CDK7; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.