In our study, we found a total of 20 genes show significant evolutionary signals in long-lived species, and eight out of the 20 genes showing significant evolutionary signals were listed as cancer genes in the OncoKB database [25], including TSC1, TSC2, PIK3CA, RAPTOR, IGF1R, PDPK1, PRKCB and AKT2. Here, TSC1 is linked to cancer.