Underscoring the potential for exploiting the polyamine/hypusine axis for therapeutic benefit, ex vivo treatment of CAR-T cells or sarcoma post-REP TILs with GC7 or DFMO, a clinically approved agent for chemoprevention of prostate and colorectal cancer (48), augmented their production of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and either GC7 or DFMO treatment promotes TGF-β–induced differentiation of CD69+CD103+ and CD69+CD49a+ CD8+ Trm-like cells. Here, TNF is linked to colorectal cancer.