Although protein levels of atrial NLRP3 were unchanged when comparing NC and CKD patients (Figure 1E), protein levels of ASC (Figure 1F), pro–caspase-1 (Figure 1, G and H), and cleaved caspase-1 (p20, Figure 1, G and I) were all significantly upregulated in atria of patients with CKD (P < 0.05 vs. NC). Here, NLRP3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.