Maternal maSCV2 infection at E16, but not E10, resulted in increased concentrations of IFN-β and reduced concentrations of IL-1β in the placenta relative to mock-inoculated dams (Figure 3, G and H and Supplemental Figure 2, C and D) These data suggest that maSCV2 infection shifted the balance of these 2 counter-regulatory cytokines in the placenta (59, 60), with placental IFN-β and IL-1β concentrations being correlated, regardless of infection status or timing of infection (Supplemental Figure 2E). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.