IL4 and colitis: In recent years, studies on the therapeutic mechanism of worms or their derivatives in UC suggest that worms or their derivatives can relieve inflammation in colitis by regulating the Th1/Th2/Th17 immune response by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β [29–31].