Compared to participants with normal kidney function, those with moderately to severely impaired kidney function were more likely to be older, female, White, have a lower education level, have a higher BMI, be a current smoker or drinker, have lower levels of physical activity, have higher levels of social activity, be noncarriers of the APOE ɛ4 allele, have abnormal uACR, and have a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease (p value < .05 for all; Table 1). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.