Aggregated α-synuclein can be up-taken by microglia, which activates the microglial NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and causes the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14], and compounds suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation show neuroprotection on in vivo and in vitro PD models [15–19]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.