Upon sensing danger signals such as presence of infection, noxious substances or metabolic perturbations, NLRs induce the assembly of large complexes composed of NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) sensor, ASC adaptor with N-terminal NLRP sensor-interaction PYD domain and C-terminal caspase-recruitment CARD domain, and the caspase-1 (CASP1) protease [12]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is infection.