TNF and neoplasm: According to published studies, the specific cytokines secreted by CAFs include TGF‐β, platelet‐derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF‐α, INF‐α, CXCL12, IL‐6, IL‐33, etc. Among them, IL‐6 and IL‐33 regulate MDSCs (myeloid‐derived suppressor cells) to inhibit cytotoxic T cells to achieve an optimal microenvironment for enhancing tumor stemness.