The underlying cause of anemia in these diseases is multifactorial, resulting from the effects of inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-ɣ), IFN-α, and IFN-β, all or some of which are increased in most inflammatory processes (Raj, 2009). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is anemia (phenotype).