NKX2-5 and atrial septal defect: The third replicated the finding of the association of the 4p16 locus and ASD shown in earlier genome-wide association studies.3,4 STX-18-AS1 is known to act as a regulator for NKX2-5, a key cardiac transcriptional factor.5 Furthermore, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and the echocardiographic anatomy of ASD from electronic health records.