Among the most outstanding approaches that have lately been developed with this purpose are next-generation probiotics (Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka et al., 2022), immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (Yang et al., 2021b), mitochondria targeting strategies (Ghosh et al., 2020), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-targeting strategies (Kretz et al., 2019), anti-angiogenic therapies (Teleanu et al., 2020), anti-cancer vaccines (Rahimian et al., 2021; Saxena et al., 2021), and drugs targeting cancer metabolism (Kim, 2019). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.