Additionally, 8 of the top 100 ExoCarta proteins were found to be significantly upregulated in the T1D circulating EVs (CD63, RAB14, VCP, BSG (a.k.a. CD147), FLNA, GNAI2, LAMP2, EZR) and to significantly correlate with clinical measures of glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and pancreas size. Here, VCP is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.