TGF‐β1 signaling is also controlled by the transcription factor paired‐related homeobox 1 (Prrx1), which directly binds to the promoter regions of the TGF‐β1 gene, upregulates the expression of TGF‐β1, and ultimately activates the TGF‐β/smad pathway, thereby increasing stemness acquisition in non‐stem tumor cells and maintaining stemness in GSCs.86 Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.