CAV1 and pulmonary hypertension: Numerous studies have examined that caveolin-1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, vascular abnormalities, metabolic diseases, and cancer (Razani et al., 2001; Razani et al., 2002; Cohen et al., 2004; Cao et al., 2008; Austin et al., 2012).