We found that the increase in NfL levels in ED patients was significantly higher than in non-delirium patients [non-delirium vs. ED: −0.02 (−0.14–0.05) vs. 0.09 (−0.04–0.25), P = 0.002, Figure 3A], whereas the change in GFAP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.076, Figure 3B). Here, GFAP is linked to delirium.