Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of ADHD (Chang et al., 2020), and PIO can upregulate mitochondrial proteins via PPARγ activation (Bogacka et al., 2005; Ghosh et al., 2007; Strum et al., 2007; Miglio et al., 2009). The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.