In addition, the activation of caspase-3 and consequent cell apoptosis is observed in SW156 kidney cancer cell line when DEFB1 gene is overexpressed.298 Jurkat T cells and A549 cells undergo cell death when exposed to HNP1-3, which triggers caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation and ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage in Jurkat cells.295 These studies suggest that defensin-induced or -regulated apoptosis may vary depending on the cell type, immune status and defensin concentration. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and kidney cancer.