The investigation employed RNA-sequence analysis of skin samples to delve into the underlying mechanisms pertaining to skin immune response, inflammation, and skin barrier function, as illustrated in Fig. 3B. The analysis revealed that in the LowAhR + AD group, the IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 and STAT3 pathways were activated. The gene discussed is IL13RA1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.