Besides, the increase in proliferating CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells (Ki67+ CD3+ and Ki67+ CD8+), activated CD3+ T cells (CD69+ CD3+), activated CD8+ T cells (CD25+ CD8+ and CD69+ CD8+), cytotoxic CD3+ T cells (CD107a+ CD3+, Granzyme B+ CD3+) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (Granzyme B+ CD8+, IFN-γ+ CD8+) in the combination therapy group implied that anti-PD-1 plus Y332D therapy significantly induced activation of cytotoxic T-cells and enhanced the tumor-killing ability of TILs (Fig. 7c–g, i–m) (Additional file 1: Fig. S4c–f). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.