PDCD1 and neoplasm: Here, we observed that anti-PD-1 plus Y332D demonstrated the most potent antitumor efficacy among all treatments in murine H22 (Fig. 4b–d), EMT-6 (Fig. 4f–h) and AKT/Ras-driven murine hepatocellular carcinoma tumor models (Fig. 5b, e) without increasing the physical burden (Additional file 1: Fig. S3a–c).