The protein expressions of COX-2 in platelets were significantly decreased in ITP patients compared to HC (1.003 ± 0.2806 vs. 0.6912 ± 0.3740, p = 0.0065), while Caspase-1 was significantly increased (1.002 ± 0.5243 vs. 2.159 ± 1.3360, p = 0.0011). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.