NOS2 and Cognitive impairment: As a result of the LPS-activated TLR4-FAK-MyD88 pathway cascade, the activation of NF-kB occurs and increases gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), which in turn can lead to brain microglia activation and cognitive impairment [6].