IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It is the breach of the intestinal barrier that induces microbe-associated molecular patterns to stimulate intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophage, and dendritic cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23, which result in the intestinal cytokine profile associated with diet-induced obesity and often resulting in insulin resistance [71,72].