In contrast, the sebum of acne patients contains elevated levels of PA [16], which may also play a role in the pathogenesis of acne by enhancing the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β in in vitro differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages [5] and the production of IL-6 and IL-8 by human sebocytes [6,17]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is acne.