In order to verify whether or not the adiponectin/leptin ratio could contribute to the pathophysiology of increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in patients with MetS, Fruhbeck et al. assessed the systemic levels of adiponectin, leptin, and other inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Caucasian individuals (n = 140; men = 74 and women = 66; aged between 28 to 82 years; 60 participants had MetS and 80 did not have MetS). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is metabolic syndrome.