Ginseng polysaccharides achieve anti-tumor effects by altering the gut microbiota and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, enhancing anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), targeting GPX4, and facilitating macrophage and NK cell activation [151,152,153,154]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.