CCL4 and neuropathy: CCR5 also seems to be an important receptor for nociceptive transmission because it is a target of several chemokines, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, and CCL13, all of which, except for CCL13, as described above, have strong pronociceptive properties, and most of them are implicated in the development and/or maintenance of neuropathy.