GPNMB and neoplasm: Monoclonal IgG antibodies targeting specific tumor surface antigens have also been tested, including trastuzumab to target HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) [8], cetuximab to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [9], glembatumumab vedotin (GV) to target glycoprotein nonmetastatic B (gpNMB) [10], denosumab to target the cytokine RANKL (receptor activator of NFκB ligand) (NCT02470091), and dinutuximab to target disialogangliosides (GD2) (NCT 02484443), but anti-tumor effects have been transient or inconsistent [11,12,13].