The diverse cell activation markers (e.g., leukocyte activation CD29, CD40, CD44, platelet activation marker, CD62P (P-selectin)), T and B cell adhesion protein markers (e.g., CD2, CD209, CD11c), cancer cell markers and progenitor markers (e.g., CD24, CD133, CD44, and CD142), and proteins that can indicate the cellular origin (e.g., CD19, CD4, CD56, CD14, CD3, CD42a, CD45 and CD31) were assessed. Here, CD40 is linked to cancer.