SOD1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: SOD plays a protective role against superoxide radicals, which can damage cell membranes, whereas CAT primarily decomposes H2O2 into H2O. Notably, the elevation in SOD and CAT activities due to icariin treatment was correlated with reduced levels of serum ALT and AST, indicating the antioxidant properties of icariin contributed to its protective effects against liver injury in our NASH model.