TRPV1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In contrast, TRPC5, TRPV1, and TRPV2 channels have been found to impede macrophage differentiation, suppress HCC cell proliferation, and ultimately decrease tumor cell invasiveness through the Akt/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, STAT3 pathway, and Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, respectively.