TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, in vitro experiments using HepG2 and Huh7 cells demonstrate that TGF-β plays a crucial role in the development of HCC by promoting the formation of the TRPC6-NCX1 complex, which leads to an elevation in intracellular Ca2+ levels and subsequently enhances the migratory and invasive properties of HCC cells [47].