In vitro studies have shown that BMP-2 increases the levels of several cytokines and chemokines that cause postoperative inflammation, that BMP-2 leakage outside the implant site may result in the formation of ectopic bone, that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inappropriate adipogenesis are linked to signaling pathways related to BMP-2, and that BMP-2 even increases the risk of cancer [118,119]. The gene discussed is BMP2; the disease is cancer.